Chapter 01: Business Research Methods
Q1.A ……………. is a proposed explanation possessing limited evidence. Generally, you want to turn logical hypotheses into an empirical hypothesis, putting your theories or postulations to the test.
logical hypothesis
Q2.……………...is the knowledge of facts and theories to give us satisfaction of knowledge and understanding.
Pure research
Q3.The function of …………….. is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money.
research design
Q4.In order to secure your brand’s relevancy in the market, your company likely must constantly ……………. updates and trends in the market that will influence whether you “perform or perish.”
research
Q5. Which one of the following is the first step in the Precess of Research?
Choose a Topic
Q6.Name the two basic purposes for research?
to learn something,
to gather evidence
A or B
Q7.Why a business need to undertake research?
to define business objectives
to understand business competition
to test business products or campaigns
All of the above
Q8.In an effort to improve the world we live in, all it takes is an initial ……………... that is well-stated, founded in truth, and can withstand extensive research and experimentation.
research hypothesis
Q9.…………….. can be defined as “a systematic and scientific procedure of data collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, and implication pertaining to any business problem”.
Business research methods
Q10.………….. should be very specific and limited to the piece of research in hand because it has to be tested.
Hypothesis
Q11.Research is organized learning, looking for specific things to add to your store of knowledge and ………….is a piece of information that supports a conclusion.
evidence
Q12.Which type of research presents a picture of the specific details of a situation, social setting or relationship and the major purpose of which is to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon?
Descriptive research
Q13.Which form of hypothesis examines the relationship between two or more independent variables and two or more dependent variables?
simple hypothesis
Q14.Which type of variable is chosen by the researcher to determine if it changes or modifies the relationship between the independent and dependent variables?
Moderator variable
Q15.A research hypothesis is the statement created by researchers when they speculate upon the outcome of a research or experiment.
research hypothesis
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Chapter 02: Defining Research Problem
Q1.A ............ is a definite or clear expression [statement] about an area of concern, a condition to be improved upon, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or within existing practice those points to a need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.
research problem
Q2.The ………….. section is the most important section in the entire proposal, as it explains each step the experimenter will take in order to conduct his or her research.
“Research Methodology”
Q3.A research proposal also may be oral, wherein all aspects of the research are discussed but not codified in writing.
True
Q4.Which section of the research proposal states, in about a paragraph, what you expect to achieve by doing this research or what problem gave rise to the research?
The Purpose of the Study
Q5.The …………... involves the systematic identification, location, and analysis of documents containing information related to the research problem.
Review of literature
Q6.Research questions ask what relationships exist between the different variables in the study, while the …………... predicts the relationship between variables.
Hypothesis
Q7.Which type of research problem typically asks the question “Is there a difference between two or more groups or treatments?”
Difference Research Problem
Q8.The research proposal is essentially a road map, showing clearly ……………….
the location from which a journey begins, .
the destination to be reached,
the method of getting there
All of the above
Q9.Which section of research proposal sets the scene for a naive reader who knows nothing about your research?
The Background to the Study
Q10.Which type of research problem relates to the determination of right and wrong in questions of conduct or conscience by analyzing moral dilemmas through the application of general rules and the careful distinction of special cases?
Casuist Research Problem
Q11.Predesigned, pretested questions" and "Custom-designed questions" are the two types of …………………in business research.
Measurement questions
Q12.A research problem does not state
how to do something,
offer a vague or broad proposition,
present a value question.
All of the above
Q13.In which type of research method, from Theory, the researcher can formulate a research problem or hypothesis stating the expected findings in certain empirical situations?
Deduction
Q14.What is/are the feature/s of a good research statement?
Compelling Topic
Supports Multiple Perspectives
Researchability
All of the above
Q15.A good …………. of a research proposal accurately reflects the content of the proposal, while at the same time being coherent, readable, and concise.
Abstract
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Chapter 03: Generalisation in Research
Q1.Which are the ways to check the internal consistency of the index?
Split-half correlation
Average inter-item correlation
Average item-total correlation
All of the above
Q2.Which of the following category of Validity looks at whether the instrument adequately covers all the content that it should with respect to the variable?
Content validity
Q3.Synonyms for reliability include: ………………………... (Kerlinger, 1986).
dependability,
stability,
consistency
All of the above
Q4.……………. is defined as the extent to which a concept is accurately measured in a quantitative study. For example, a survey designed to explore depression but which actually measures anxiety would not be considered …………..
Validity, valid
Q5.Which of the following category of Validity refers to whether you can draw inferences about test scores related to the concept being studied?
Construct validity
Q6.Name the types of evidence that can be used to demonstrate a research instrument has construct validity?
Homogeneity
Convergence
Theory Evidence
All of the above
Q7.Generalization, which is an act of reasoning that involves drawing broad inferences from particular observations, is widely-acknowledged as a quality standard in quantitative research, but is more …………...in qualitative research.
Controversia
Q8.………..… is the extent to which a research instrument consistently has the same results if it is used in the same situation on repeated occasions.
Reliability
Q9.Which of the following category of Validity can be conducted to determine the extent to which the different instruments measure the same variable?
Criterion Validity
Q10.………………. is the most commonly used test to determine the internal consistency of an instrument. In this test, the average of all correlations in every combination of split-halves is determined.
Cronbach’s α
Q11.…………... may also be estimated by measuring the same concepts with different instruments, for example, survey questionnaire and official records, on the same sample, which is known as multiple-forms reliability.
Equivalence
Q12.Evidence that the same concept measured in different ways yields similar results, which can be obtained for the purpose of construct validity, is called as………….
Convergent Validity
Q13.What are types of generalizability that interact to produce probabilistic models?
focuses on measurements rather than treatments.
concerns the subjects of the test situation.
researchers determine whether a specific treatment will produce the same results in different circumstances.
All of the above
Q14.………….is a subset of content validity is face validity, where experts are asked their opinion about whether an instrument measures the concept intended.
Face validity
Q15.Convergent Validity, Divergent Validity and Predictive Validity are the ways to measure the …………………
Criterion Validity
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Chapter 04: Research Plan
Q1.Which type of research is used to measure what impact a specific change will have on existing norms and assumptions?
Causal Design
Q2.A …………... is an in-depth study of a particular research problem rather than a sweeping statistical survey or comprehensive comparative inquiry.
Case Study Design
Q3.A ………………. follows the same sample over time and makes repeated observations to describe patterns of change and help establish the direction and magnitude of causal relationships
Longitudinal Design
Q4.Often used in the medical sciences, but also found in the applied social sciences, a ................. generally refers to a study conducted over a period of time involving members of a population which the subject or representative member comes from, and who are united by some commonality or similarity.
Cohort Study
Q5.Which type of research designs help provide answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, and how associated with a particular research problem; a descriptive study cannot conclusively ascertain answers to why?
Descriptive research designs
Q6.Which type of research design is conducted about a research problem when there are few or no earlier studies to refer to or rely upon to predict an outcome?
Exploratory Design
Q7.Which type of research design draws a conclusion by comparing subjects against a control group, in cases where the researcher has no control over the experiment?
Observational Design
Q8.The purpose of a ……………. is to collect, verify, and synthesize evidence from the past to establish facts that defend or refute a hypothesis.
Historical Research Design
Q9.The essentials of ………………. follow a characteristic cycle whereby initially an exploratory stance is adopted, where an understanding of a problem is developed and plans are made for some form of interventionary strategy.
Action Research Design
Q10.The …………….. can only measure differences between or from among a variety of people, subjects, or phenomena rather than a process of change.
Cross-Sectional Design
Q11.Which type of research design is often used where there is time priority in a causal relationship (cause precedes effect), there is consistency in a causal relationship (a cause will always lead to the same effect), and the magnitude of the correlation is great?
Experimental Design
Q12.The function of a research design is to ensure that the evidence obtained enables you to effectively address the …………... logically and as unambiguously as possible.
research problem
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Chapter 05: Data Collection
Q1.…………... are original in nature and directly related to the issue or problem and current data.
Primary data
Q2.When a observation is characterized by careful definition of units to be observed, style of observer, conditions for observation and selection of pertinent data of observation it is a …………………
structured observation.
Q3.Which of the following is the internal source of Secondary information?
Sales data (own company's)
Q4.Which of the following is the disadvantage of the secondary data?
With the passage of time the data becomes obsolete and very old
Q5.Which type of method of collecting data involves presentation of oral verbal stimuli and reply in terms of oral – verbal responses?
Interview Method
Q6.Which of the following chracteristic/s must be checked before using the secondary data?
Reliability of the data
Adeuacy of the data
Suitability of the data
All of the above
Q7.In which type of bservtion, observer observes in such a manner that his presence is unknown to the people?
disguised observation
Q8.The reliability of published statistics may vary over time.
True
Q9.What refers to a collection of natural phenomena descriptors, including the results of experience, observation or experiment, or a set of premises?
Data
Q10.Which of the following data may be considered as unpublished data?
Diaries
Q11.……………... is secondary information acquired within the organization where research is being carried out.
Internal data
In-house data
External data
A or B Correct Answer
Q12.Bank, IMF, IFAD, UNDP, ITC, FAO and ILO produce a plethora of ………... which can prove extremely useful to the marketing researcher.
Secondary data
Q13.If the observation takes place in the natural setting it is a uncontrolled observation but when observer takes place according to some pre-arranged plans, involving experimental procedure it is a …………………
controlled observation
Q14.………….. are the data collected by a party not related to the research study but collected these data for some other purpose and at different time in the past.
Secondary data
Q15.The researcher has to be careful, when making use of secondary data, of the ………….. used by those responsible for its preparation.
Definitions
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Chapter 06: Sampling Techniques
Q1.A …………... is a subset or subgroup of the population. It comprises some members selected from it.
Sample
Q2.Which type of Non-Probability Sampling is equivalent to a stratified sample with the added requirement that each stratum is generally represented in the sample in the same proportion as in the entire population?
Quota Sampling
Q3.Which type of Non-Probability Sampling includes participants who are readily available and agree to participate in a study?
Convenience Sampling
Q4.Which type of Probability Sampling, on the surface, is very similar to stratified sampling in that “survey population members are divided into unique, non-overlapping groups prior to sampling”?
Cluster Sampling
Q5.Which type of Sampling Error occurs when the wrong sub-population is used to select a sample?
Sample Frame Error
Q6.Which of the following are the reasons for sampling instead of census?
Economy, Timeliness
Large size of many population, Inaccessibility of the entire population.
Destructive nature of many Observation, Reliability or accuracy.
All of the above
Correct Answer
Q7.…………... covers those forms of sampling in which the selection process follows more complex rules.
Restricted sampling
Q8.
Which type of Probability Sampling requires that each member of the population have an equal chance of being selected (as is the main goal of probability sampling)?
Simple Random Sampling
Q9.Which type of Non-Probability Sampling is used “in those rare cases when the population of interest cannot be identified other than by someone who knows that a certain person has the necessary experience or characteristics to be included”?
Snowball Sampling
Q10.Which type of Sampling Error occurs when respondents self select their participation in the study – only those that are interested respond?
Selection Error
Q11.How the Sampling errors can be controlled?
with the careful sample designs
with the large samples
with the multiple contacts to assure representative response
All of the above
Q12.Which type of Sampling Error occurs when the researcher does not understand who she should survey?
Population Specification Error
Q13.Which type of Probability Sampling is “one in which the population is divided into subgroups or ‘strata,’ and a random sample is then selected from each subgroup”?
Stratified Random Sampling
Q14.Which type of Probability Sampling includes “selection of sampling units in sequences separated on lists by the interval of selection”?
Systematic Sampling
Q15.Which type of Non-Probability Sampling a sample is selected “on the basis of your own knowledge of the population, its elements, and the nature of your research aims”?
Purposive Sampling
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Chapter 07:Qualitative Research
Q1.In which of the following projective technique of interview, Participants are asked to match images, experiences, emotions, products and services, even people and places, to whatever is being studied?
Word or picture association
Q2.Which of the following is the limittion of the 'Observation' technique of collection qualitative data?
Change in people's behaviour when they know they are being observed
Correct
Q3.Most qualitative research relies on the ……………....
unstructured interview
semi structured interview
Individual Depth Interview
A or B
Q4.Data collection approaches for qualitative research usually involves:……………….
Direct interaction with individuals on a one to one basis
Direct interaction with individuals in a group setting
Both A and B Correct Answer
Either A or B
Q5.In which of the following projective technique of interview, Participants are asked to imagine that the brand or product is an authority figure and to describe the attributes of the figure?
Authority figure
Q6.Qualitative interviews should be fairly ………... and participants feel they are taking part in a conversation or discussion rather than in a formal question and answer situation.
informal
Q7.The aim of the focus group is to make use of participants' ……………….
feelings,
perceptions
opinions.
All of the above
Q8.In which of the following projective technique of interview, Participants are confronted with a picture (usually a photograph or drawing) and asked to describe how the person in the picture feels and thinks?
Thematic Apperception Test
Q9.A ………….. is a data collection method using a single interviewer with more than one research participant.
Group Interview
Q10.………………….gathers data in numerical form which can be put into categories, or in rank order, or measured in units of measurement.
Quantitative Research
Q11.Qualitative research gathers information that is not in numerical form. For example,……………...
diary accounts, open-ended questionnaires
unstructured interviews
unstructured observations
All of the above
Q12.In the qualitative research data collection process,the ………….. is a panel of people (typically made up of 6 to 10 participants), led by a trained moderator, who meet for 90 minutes to two hours.
focus group
Q13.Recently, advances in technology have encouraged the use of detailed visual and auditory aids during interviews, creating the methodology known as …………………..
Computer-Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPIs).
Q14.In the qualitative approach, …………... refers to the in depth analysis of a single or small number of units
Case study
Q15.The benefits of the ………………..is that the information is richer and has a deeper insight into the phenomenon under study
qualitative approach
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Chapter 08: Quantitative Research
Q1.Which of the following test is defined as the hypothesis test which provides generalisations for making statements about the mean of the parent population?
Parametric Test
Q2.…………... is the usually undertaken to see if one variable, such as gender , is related to another variable, perhaps attitude.
Bi-Variate analysis
Q3.Whenever a researcher wants to compare more than two means, he/ she will always opt to use One-Way Analysis of Variance or widely known as…………... .
ANOVA Test
Q4.…………….. is concerned with the description of individual variable in a given data set.
Univariate analysis
Q5.A ……………...tells us how close the scores are centred around the mean.
Standard Deviation
Q6.A part of the population, by means of which one seeks to represent the whole population is called a ………….
sample
Q7.Nonparametric test is mainly based on differences in…………..
medians
Q8.The hypothesis actually to be tested is usually given the symbol ……., and is commonly referred to as the null hypothesis. ….
H0
Q9.………………..means an increase in variable y is also followed by an increase in variable x.
Perfect Positive Correlation (r = 1)
Q10.To make the generalisation about the population from the sample, statistical tests are uses.
True
Q11.What is defined as statement or a set of predictive statements, capable of being tested by scientific methods that relates an independent variable to some dependent variable?
Research Hypothesis
Q12.The significance of the difference between two samples can be judged through ……………
ANOVA Test
Z Test
T-Test
B or C
Q13.Quantitative method typically begins with data collection based on a hypothesis or theory and it is followed with application of …………………...statistics.
inferential
Q14.Which of the following test is defined as the hypothesis test which is not based on underlying assumptions, i.e. it does not require population’s distribution to be denoted by specific parameters?
Nonparametric test
Q15.Which test enables us to examine the significance of the difference amongst more than two sample means at the same time and the test and is considered as to be most important tool of analysis in the hands of researcher.
ANOVA Test
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Chapter 09: Report Writing
Q1.Thorough, up-to-date ………………... acknowledge foundational work, direct the reader to published procedures, results, and interpretations, and play a critical role in establishing the overall scholarship of the report.
Literature References
Q2.………….section of research report includes interpretation explanation of the results and comparison with the results reported in the literature on the same problem under study.
Discussion
Q3.Which section of the research report describes what was found?
Results
Q4.The researcher may include a key article as…………..
appendix
Q5.…………….should be free from speculation (i.e. ideas for which you have presented no evidence), have no new thoughts or references introduced and contain no further discussion of points raised.
Conclusions
Q6.Which is/are the main components of the Introduction section of research report?
he Background which describes events leading up to the existing situation,
The Purpose which defines what the project or study is to achieve,
The Scope which outlines any limitations imposed on the project such as cost, time etc.
All of the above Correct Answer
Q7.Which is/are the main parts of thesis or dissertation?
Preliminaries
Text
Both A and B
Q8.Thesis or dissertaion usually consists of six sections, starting with the introduction and ending with the …………….hereunder is a brief description of the main contents of each of these sections
list of references
Q9.Which section should contain an extensive up-to-date review of the important work carried out previously, on the problem under study?
Literature Review
Q10.The …………...must include the subject of the report, who the report is for, who the report is by and the date of submission.
Title Page
Q11.Every thesis or dissertation must be accompanied by a signed ………….., to the satisfaction of the Graduate College stating that it has not been submitted for a degree in any other University.
Declaration
Q11.Every thesis or dissertation must be accompanied by a signed ………….., to the satisfaction of the Graduate College stating that it has not been submitted for a degree in any other University.
Declaration
Q12.The …………. should be on a separate page with the centred heading in capitals. It is usually written in a single paragraph with no indentation.
Abstract
Q13.Directions for future work are also suitably expressed in ……………..section of the research report.
Conclusions and Summary
Q14.Fonts used in thesis/dissertaion should be a minimum of ……. point and 1.5 line spacing is recommended unless otherwise specified.
12
Q15.The abstract should concisely describe, …………………….
the topic, the scope
the principal findings
the conclusions.
All of the above
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Chapter 10: Use of Computer Software in Data Analysis
Q1.When the investigator takes two or more measurements under different conditions with the same subjects, and then wishes to perform a t-test to understand the effects of different conditions, the correct test to use is a …………
Paired t-test
Q2.Data Editor files are saved as .sav, while output files (from the SPSS Viewer) are saved as ………..
.spo
Q3.There are two tabs on the bottom, Data View and Variable View. …………. is typically the working view, and shows the data just as an Excel worksheet does.
Data View
Q4.The Data Editor window in SPSS, displays the contents of the working dataset. It is arranged in a spreadsheet format that contains ……………..
variables in columns
cases in rows
Both A and B Correct Answer
Q5.A………. looks at the two distributions and determines whether or not their means are significantly different.
T-Test
Q6.…………... is a powerful program which provides many ways to rapidly examine data and test scientific hunches.
SPSS
Q7.Just as t-tests are useful for asking whether the means of two groups are different, ………….. can answer the question of whether the means of many groups differ from each other.
ANOVA Test
Q8.While describing the data you create a histogram, which is a graph that shows the measured value on the ……... and how many observations of each value on the ……...
x-axis, y-axis
Q9.In order to assess the relationship between two categorical variables, use a ………..
Chi Square Test
Q10.Investigating the patterns and trends in the data is the ……… of SPSS.
core feature
Q11.In SPSS software all output from statistical analyses and graphs is printed to the …………..
SPSS Viewer window.
Q12.SPSS uses several windows to manage ……………..
data, output,
graphs,
advanced programming.
All of the above Correct Answer
Q13.SPSS works with different windows for different tasks; you will use the Data Editor to manage your data, and the ……………..to examine the results of analyses and create graphs.
SPSS Viewer
Q14.For independent (unpaired) groups which are non-normally distributed, the appropriate test is called the ……………..
Mann-Whitney U test
Q15.SPSS uses several windows to manage ……………..
data, output,
graphs,
advanced programming.
All of the above Correct Answer
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